Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which different physical devices, vehicles, smart devices/connected devices, buildings, and sensors that are used in our daily lives are connected and can exchange data with each other.
With the help of IoT, remote devices, sensors, and actuators can be controlled remotely across different network infrastructures. This integration of physical systems and computer-based systems improves efficiency, accuracy, and economic benefits, enabling a reduction in human intervention. It has been estimated that IoT will have approximately 30 billion objects/devices by 2020 dominating the network traffic on the Internet.
Sources of IoT Data
Many sources generate IoT data. Some common sources are given below.
- Sensor: Physical sensors generate data related to temperature, weather, pressure, etc.
- Actuators: These are devices that can perform actions based on commands received from the internet.
- Controller: It is an application that provides intelligence to the internet.
- Bridge: As different devices have different protocols for data transfer, a bridge or gateway is needed to communicate with each other
Figure: ARM and Open Internet of Things
IoT Verticals and Technology Stack
In the current world, IOT-based technologies are used everywhere. Below is some important tech stack where IoT is being used.
- Smart Grids
- Virtual Power Plants
- Smart Homes
- Intelligent Transportation
- Smart Cities
- Intelligent Health Platform
- Precision Agriculture
Figure: IOT Technology Layers
IoT System Protocols and Platforms
The below table mentions some protocols and platforms that can be used to handle IoT data.
| Verticals | Protocols |
|---|---|
| Infrastructure | 6LowPAN, IPv4/IPv6, RPL |
| Identification | EPC, uCode, IPv6, URIs |
| Communication/Transport | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LPWAN |
| Discovery | Physical Web,mDNS, DNS-SD |
| Data Protocols | MQTT ,CoAP , AMQP ,VSCP ,XMPP |
| Device Management | TR-069, OMA-DM |
| Semantic | JSON-LD, Web Thing Model |
| Multi-Layer Frameworks | Alljoyn ,IoTivity ,Homekit |
| Back End Time Series/NoSQL Database | Cassandra ,InfluxDB ,Apache Hbase |
| Data Analytics components | Apache Spark, Apache Kafka |
| Real-time dashboards | Tableau, Grafana |
| In-Memory Data Grids | Ehcache, Hazelcast |
| Data Formats | JSON ,XML |
References
[2] IOT Wiki Page
[3] Iot Protocls
